Ingredient Evidence

Dried ashwagandha root pieces beside a mortar, pestle and jar of capsules

What Dose Did Ashwagandha Trials Actually Use

The extract problem comes first Withanolides are the compounds the trials measured, and their concentration in raw root is low and variable. Every trial with a clean result used a...

What Dose Did Ashwagandha Trials Actually Use

The extract problem comes first Withanolides are the compounds the trials measured, and their concentration in raw root is low and variable. Every trial with a clean result used a...

A metal scoop of white powder beside a shaker bottle on a gym bench

Is Creatine Loading Necessary

What loading actually does Muscle creatine comes from two sources: what the body makes from amino acids, and what you eat. Roughly 95 percent of it is stored in skeletal...

Is Creatine Loading Necessary

What loading actually does Muscle creatine comes from two sources: what the body makes from amino acids, and what you eat. Roughly 95 percent of it is stored in skeletal...

A jar of white mineral powder with a scoop on a kitchen scale beside a glass of water

How Much Magnesium Is Too Much: The Tolerable U...

Where 350 comes from The Institute of Medicine set the upper level in 1997 in the same reference intake report that established the adult RDA. The committee looked for the...

How Much Magnesium Is Too Much: The Tolerable U...

Where 350 comes from The Institute of Medicine set the upper level in 1997 in the same reference intake report that established the adult RDA. The committee looked for the...

Two salmon fillets on parchment beside a halved lemon and capers

Omega-3: EPA and DHA Are Not the Same Thing

Two fats, one family name Omega-3 is a category, not a substance. The parent molecule is alpha-linolenic acid, an 18-carbon fat found in flaxseed, walnuts, and canola oil. Humans can...

Omega-3: EPA and DHA Are Not the Same Thing

Two fats, one family name Omega-3 is a category, not a substance. The parent molecule is alpha-linolenic acid, an 18-carbon fat found in flaxseed, walnuts, and canola oil. Humans can...

A glass of milk, two eggs and a piece of salmon on a sunlit windowsill

Vitamin D: How Much Is Enough, How Much Is Too ...

What vitamin D does in the body Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin that behaves more like a hormone than a nutrient. The body makes it in skin when...

Vitamin D: How Much Is Enough, How Much Is Too ...

What vitamin D does in the body Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin that behaves more like a hormone than a nutrient. The body makes it in skin when...

Pumpkin seeds, spinach and almonds beside a magnesium supplement bottle

Magnesium: What the Human Trials Actually Measured

What magnesium does in the body Magnesium is a cofactor in more than 300 enzyme systems. That number comes from the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements health professional fact sheet,...

Magnesium: What the Human Trials Actually Measured

What magnesium does in the body Magnesium is a cofactor in more than 300 enzyme systems. That number comes from the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements health professional fact sheet,...

  • Magnesium

    The dose ranges that show up in trials, and the forms that were actually used in them.

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  • Ashwagandha

    Stress and sleep scores, the trial sizes behind them, and where industry funding sits.

    Read the file 
  • Creatine

    What the trials measured outside strength sports, including work in older adults.

    Read the file